Tourism is one of the priority areas for Romania through its resources
and that they train and through interconnections with other branches of
the national economy, an important factor for economic progress.
Tourism is totally dependent on the environment, it constitutes "material" of tourism. The environment is subject, industry, and tourism place of deployment. The environment is subject, industry, and tourism place of deployment. Therefore great importance is given to environmental quality as any change leading to lower its output, and sometimes even canceling its resources.
Components of the environment - landscape, forests, rivers, lakes, sea, nature monuments, air or mineral waters - the development and deployment contrbuie recreation tourism, recreation or spa treatment. The more these resources are more varied, more complex and unspoiled tourist area so the value is higher, the attractiveness of that area is higher, thereby satisfying the varied motivations of tourism.
Addiction obvious tourism quality of the environment makes it to be interested in all environmental actions. Degradation of tourism resources has implications for social and economic of the worst.
Economically, tourism resources d 20120l111u egradarea lead to the impossibility to realize travel to decreased revenue from tourism, thus constituting a loss for the economy.
In terms of socio-cultural tourism resource degradation will reduce the possibilities of restoring health and unable to meet the needs of culture and education of the people
1.1.Impactul tourism on economic activity
Romania has a very high chance of developing because it has rich and varied natural resources and their efficient antropice.Valorificarea and the national economic interest is a chance Development.
The potential of this sector is huge, but little exploited. The economic sector with the highest international competitive advantage, however modest its economic performance.
Economically tourism is a factor of economic progress with broad and positive impact on development of the entire society, acting in the direction of introducing the economic cycle (domestic and international) tourism resources, cultural and historic resources of great interest and some of the achievements Contemporary art at the installation. In terms of economic, tourism has many advantages over other areas of activity, namely: tourism value added is superior to other branches, because the import of raw materials for this area is insignificant; tourism is an energy-intensive branch: using mostly local raw materials, practically inexhaustible: let a currency transfer of human and material resources, unexplored another way; During the recovery in tourism it is advantageously comparable to other branches, because realizing that invisible export (inland) price of tourism products is no longer charged with expenses of packing, transport, insurance, customs duty; tourism is a significant part of domestic consumption entailing, directly or indirectly, significant quantities of industrial products; ensure balanced development of all areas of the country, including those considered less attractive tourist offer.
Tourism acts as a stimulating factor for the global economic system. The development of tourism is a significant increase of production obtained, contribution to the GDP is proportional to the development level of each country.
For measuring economic index of sustainable economic welfare account for expenses of "Defense" - charges that covers social and environmental costs; the natural long-term damage; the investments net; changes in income distribution; household work.
Tourism manifests as a means of diversifying the economic structure of a country, has raised specific activities, such as: industry leisure cableways, travel agencies, production crafts, printing new dimensions of some of the existing activities: agriculture, food, construction, transport, cultural services. Tourism is a superior way of recovery of all types of resources. Through tourism being effectively utilized elements such as:
A beautiful landscape,
Ø curative qualities of mineral and thermal waters,
Ø therapeutic lakes,
Ø therapeutic mud,
Ø therapeutic gases,
Ø mines,
Ø medicinal plants
Ø weathering Cure
Ø ionization and cultural events Arista,
A monumental art
Ø remains istirice,
Folk tradition.
Tourism helps to ensure a balanced monetary circulation, the consequence of the fall as tourism and international tourism.
By its nature tourism generates new jobs, with a major contribution to attracting surplus labor from other sectors and thus alleviate unemployment. In terms of quality, relationship Desk - workforce can be expressed by the following aspects: the quality of people employed in tourism and manpower structure on the steps of preparation, the ratio of those employed part-time and total time Jobs proportion seasonal fluctuation of employees and staff, costs of training.
Like any economic activity, tourism is a combination of negative and positive, where the knowledge and awareness of possible negative effects the local community and authorities components will work on dimensioning tourism activities and tourism phenomenon so that mutations of any kind, can be positive and favorable.
1.2. Tourism and social life
Tourism and social life is manifested by the influence that tourism has on the traditional lifestyle of the inhabitants of an area, the spiritual and broadening their professional horizons. Harnessing the natural and cultural heritage tour of tourist areas has both a positive impact and a negative into a positive social impact is manifested by:
Ø increased chances by making social and professional jobs in tourism services and infrastructure:
Ø creating new seasonal jobs, especially for young people (pupils, students, etc.) and women
Ø ensuring social progress and development, increase public hygiene and cleanliness, general comfort in tourist towns
Ø decrease of differences between socio-professional categories from the point of view of revenues
Ø develop feelings of understanding and tolerance as intercultural changes tourists and the host population barielelor disappearance facilitates linguistic, social, racial, religious, cultural
It creates a negative impact by:
Ø pertubarea and gradual destruction of traditional lifestyle in social structures;
Acceptance by the local population of the negative influences social plan; [1]
So, tourism contributes to creating new jobs, income redistribution and poverty reduction level.
Socially, tourism ensure people's access to the treasure of civilization and beauty of the Company, facilitates the exchange of opinions, ideas, thoughts, contributing equally to the intellectual formation of individuals and understanding between peoples in tourism key is communication, realizadu thus unavoidable personal relationships between very different people and horses very variate.Turismul choose a destination to the monotony, to change the environment and realized the extent of contrasts between different socioeconomic backgrounds.
1.3. Sustainable Tourism Development
Sustainable development in tourism occurred in the early 1990s, thus taking birth sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism dissociate themselves from mass tourism is a form of alternative tourism, but which is based on the following principles:
Minimizing the impact of tourist activity on the natural environment in order to achieve ecological sustainability. Minimizing the negative impact of tourist activity on the local community and its members in order to achieve social sustainability
Minimizing negative impacts of tourism activities on culture, traditions and customs of the local community in order to achieve cultural sustainability.
Sustainable tourism is a positive approach intended to reduce tensions and frictions created by the complexity of interactions between the tourist industry, tourists, the natural environment and local communities as tourists gas.
"Sustainable development is the way to ensure an increase in welfare of the present generation without affecting the welfare of future generations" (Pearce, W arford-1993). United Nations Conference on Environment and Development on 13-14 June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, with the participation of 115 countries of the world leaders tried to put the acort economic development requirements ensuring protection of the environment, which in the opinion of participants It will be a sustainable development program.
It is vital to know that civil society and especially to realize even more acute problems related to the progressive development of the environment in which it operates and impricatiile human society throughout its existence and try to find new solutions viable.
Sustainable development aims to avoid medium and long-term economic imbalances or ecological production, because both reserves and how the planet's natural resources are limited, as is the power of absorption of all Waste results. Conceptual sustainable development, defined as a process of transformation in which the exploitation of resources, direction of investments, the orientation techniques and changes, Institutional desfatoara harmoniously "is the selection criterion of economic policies and structural adjustment in general and environmental policy in particular .
Conceptual sustainable development performance involves three levels:
Ø economic - increasing the exploitation and utilization of resources
Ø environmental concerns - recycling, avoiding environmental degradation, reduce theft aside;
Ø social - increasing the number of jobs, tourism practice, as measures of physical and mental regeneration. The difficulty accepting the concept of sustainable development in the Romanian tourism is not in substantive matters but inprecizarea operational elements adapted to the current transition period necessity of implementing sustainable development requires the present emphasis on increasing knowledge across the concept of clean production and spreading all around the world .
In order to achieve sustainable development it is necessary to achieve the following objectives:
An increase in the intensity of goods and services:
Ø reduce material consumption and energy per unit of product:
Elimination of toxic pollutants;
Ø increase reciclbilitatii;
Maximize use resources sustainably renewed.
Strategy of sustainable tourism requires:
I respect and care for the lifestyle of human habitats;
Ø increase in living human habitats, conservation of ecosystem bio-Earth of their biodiversity;
Ø reduce the exploitation of exhaustible resources and the preservation of Earth's carrying capacity;
A change individual attitudes in favor of sustainable development;
An ability to keep communities propyl Ambient pararlel to achieving national framework for integrating development and conservation.
"Fitting and recovery through nature tourism and cultural values, indiscriminate and randomly in time and space can produce defavorabie effects on all components of the environment." [2]
Tourism generated negative effects:
Loss or damage of cultural identity
Tourism contributes to loss or damage due to local cultural identity and values, devaluation, standardization, loss of authenticity, customs and cultural traditions adapting to the demands of tourists.
Tourism demand for souvenirs, artifacts and other goods, as well as festivals, customs, habits strongly influence the local population, there have been changes of mentality and moral values under the influence of tourists, they are keeping the taste for tourists
Objects and sacred sites perceived as goods for sale are no longer met Conformity value it represents.
To satisfy the desire of tourists to meet facility familiar tourist destinations likely to be standardized.
"Sustainable development is a concept which is expected to solve all the problems of contemporary society, namely: poverty, degrdarea environment, loss of confidence in institutions, expanding uncontrolled urbanization, insecurity on a job, the alienation of youth, removing traditional values, inflation unemployment and other economic and financial crisis or geopolitical. "[3] Sustainability in tourism is the greater importance, since this sector depends largely on tourist attractions and activities that are related to the natural and historical and cultural heritage of a tourist destination.
Most tourists want to visit areas attractive, functional, clean and unpolluted environment quality is therefore an essential condition to be maintained and improved.
Is based on the principle of sustainable development [4]
Ø establish environmental limits, standards and norms of consumption, reducing consumption unjustified;
Ø redistribution of economic activity and the reallocation of resources, essential needs of life, and at the same time economic growth;
Ø maintaining an optimum population, population growth is consistent with potentialulu exploitable ecosystems;
Basic resource conservation and natural values that support keeping the gene pool of flora and fauna;
Ø legal access to resources, increasing technological effort and rational use of them;
Ø setting a minimum rate of resource exploitation and consumption of so-called "inexhaustible"
Ø Community supervision, the role of local community decision-making on local development;
Ø Ensure all management resources to focus on quality
From the perspectives of sustainable development, land can be defined as an intervention that aims to put in user human needs, both individual and social resources and potential of the natural environment built on the one hand, and the technological and financial resources on a part, in terms of protecting and conserving the existing heritage. Tourism development should be planned so that the local population of tourist destinations to benefit from any socio-economic benefits created by tourism.
Sustainable tourism should be based on the principles of tourist activity should start means propyl local community and it must maintain control over tourism development [5]
Ø tourism must offer jobs to residents that will improve the quality of life of local cornunitatilor and must strike a balance between existing economic activities in the tourism and business;
Ø have established a code of practice for tourism at all levels: nnational, regional and local levels based on international standards already accepted: can be set guidelines for tour operators, monitor the impact of various tourism activities as chassis acceptability limits for different areas;
Ø Education and training programs must be made to improve management in the field of protection of cultural and natural resources practice requires a modernization of tourism infrastructure, rural sustainable urban development, the use of non-conventional forms of energy, less polluting techniques.
Spa tourism covers the following concepts: [6]
· Termalism, these hot mineral waters therapeutic use, for tourists who intr0 a spa resort;
· Balneotherapy, therapeutic baths for making use of these treatments;
· Balneoclimaterapie that combines the use factotilor balneary declimat different types of action, prophylactic and curative
· Thalassotherapy, which involves using elements of Marine 9apa sea mud, algae, marine climate)
Tourism is totally dependent on the environment, it constitutes "material" of tourism. The environment is subject, industry, and tourism place of deployment. The environment is subject, industry, and tourism place of deployment. Therefore great importance is given to environmental quality as any change leading to lower its output, and sometimes even canceling its resources.
Components of the environment - landscape, forests, rivers, lakes, sea, nature monuments, air or mineral waters - the development and deployment contrbuie recreation tourism, recreation or spa treatment. The more these resources are more varied, more complex and unspoiled tourist area so the value is higher, the attractiveness of that area is higher, thereby satisfying the varied motivations of tourism.
Addiction obvious tourism quality of the environment makes it to be interested in all environmental actions. Degradation of tourism resources has implications for social and economic of the worst.
Economically, tourism resources d 20120l111u egradarea lead to the impossibility to realize travel to decreased revenue from tourism, thus constituting a loss for the economy.
In terms of socio-cultural tourism resource degradation will reduce the possibilities of restoring health and unable to meet the needs of culture and education of the people
1.1.Impactul tourism on economic activity
Romania has a very high chance of developing because it has rich and varied natural resources and their efficient antropice.Valorificarea and the national economic interest is a chance Development.
The potential of this sector is huge, but little exploited. The economic sector with the highest international competitive advantage, however modest its economic performance.
Economically tourism is a factor of economic progress with broad and positive impact on development of the entire society, acting in the direction of introducing the economic cycle (domestic and international) tourism resources, cultural and historic resources of great interest and some of the achievements Contemporary art at the installation. In terms of economic, tourism has many advantages over other areas of activity, namely: tourism value added is superior to other branches, because the import of raw materials for this area is insignificant; tourism is an energy-intensive branch: using mostly local raw materials, practically inexhaustible: let a currency transfer of human and material resources, unexplored another way; During the recovery in tourism it is advantageously comparable to other branches, because realizing that invisible export (inland) price of tourism products is no longer charged with expenses of packing, transport, insurance, customs duty; tourism is a significant part of domestic consumption entailing, directly or indirectly, significant quantities of industrial products; ensure balanced development of all areas of the country, including those considered less attractive tourist offer.
Tourism acts as a stimulating factor for the global economic system. The development of tourism is a significant increase of production obtained, contribution to the GDP is proportional to the development level of each country.
For measuring economic index of sustainable economic welfare account for expenses of "Defense" - charges that covers social and environmental costs; the natural long-term damage; the investments net; changes in income distribution; household work.
Tourism manifests as a means of diversifying the economic structure of a country, has raised specific activities, such as: industry leisure cableways, travel agencies, production crafts, printing new dimensions of some of the existing activities: agriculture, food, construction, transport, cultural services. Tourism is a superior way of recovery of all types of resources. Through tourism being effectively utilized elements such as:
A beautiful landscape,
Ø curative qualities of mineral and thermal waters,
Ø therapeutic lakes,
Ø therapeutic mud,
Ø therapeutic gases,
Ø mines,
Ø medicinal plants
Ø weathering Cure
Ø ionization and cultural events Arista,
A monumental art
Ø remains istirice,
Folk tradition.
Tourism helps to ensure a balanced monetary circulation, the consequence of the fall as tourism and international tourism.
By its nature tourism generates new jobs, with a major contribution to attracting surplus labor from other sectors and thus alleviate unemployment. In terms of quality, relationship Desk - workforce can be expressed by the following aspects: the quality of people employed in tourism and manpower structure on the steps of preparation, the ratio of those employed part-time and total time Jobs proportion seasonal fluctuation of employees and staff, costs of training.
Like any economic activity, tourism is a combination of negative and positive, where the knowledge and awareness of possible negative effects the local community and authorities components will work on dimensioning tourism activities and tourism phenomenon so that mutations of any kind, can be positive and favorable.
1.2. Tourism and social life
Tourism and social life is manifested by the influence that tourism has on the traditional lifestyle of the inhabitants of an area, the spiritual and broadening their professional horizons. Harnessing the natural and cultural heritage tour of tourist areas has both a positive impact and a negative into a positive social impact is manifested by:
Ø increased chances by making social and professional jobs in tourism services and infrastructure:
Ø creating new seasonal jobs, especially for young people (pupils, students, etc.) and women
Ø ensuring social progress and development, increase public hygiene and cleanliness, general comfort in tourist towns
Ø decrease of differences between socio-professional categories from the point of view of revenues
Ø develop feelings of understanding and tolerance as intercultural changes tourists and the host population barielelor disappearance facilitates linguistic, social, racial, religious, cultural
It creates a negative impact by:
Ø pertubarea and gradual destruction of traditional lifestyle in social structures;
Acceptance by the local population of the negative influences social plan; [1]
So, tourism contributes to creating new jobs, income redistribution and poverty reduction level.
Socially, tourism ensure people's access to the treasure of civilization and beauty of the Company, facilitates the exchange of opinions, ideas, thoughts, contributing equally to the intellectual formation of individuals and understanding between peoples in tourism key is communication, realizadu thus unavoidable personal relationships between very different people and horses very variate.Turismul choose a destination to the monotony, to change the environment and realized the extent of contrasts between different socioeconomic backgrounds.
1.3. Sustainable Tourism Development
Sustainable development in tourism occurred in the early 1990s, thus taking birth sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism dissociate themselves from mass tourism is a form of alternative tourism, but which is based on the following principles:
Minimizing the impact of tourist activity on the natural environment in order to achieve ecological sustainability. Minimizing the negative impact of tourist activity on the local community and its members in order to achieve social sustainability
Minimizing negative impacts of tourism activities on culture, traditions and customs of the local community in order to achieve cultural sustainability.
Sustainable tourism is a positive approach intended to reduce tensions and frictions created by the complexity of interactions between the tourist industry, tourists, the natural environment and local communities as tourists gas.
"Sustainable development is the way to ensure an increase in welfare of the present generation without affecting the welfare of future generations" (Pearce, W arford-1993). United Nations Conference on Environment and Development on 13-14 June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, with the participation of 115 countries of the world leaders tried to put the acort economic development requirements ensuring protection of the environment, which in the opinion of participants It will be a sustainable development program.
It is vital to know that civil society and especially to realize even more acute problems related to the progressive development of the environment in which it operates and impricatiile human society throughout its existence and try to find new solutions viable.
Sustainable development aims to avoid medium and long-term economic imbalances or ecological production, because both reserves and how the planet's natural resources are limited, as is the power of absorption of all Waste results. Conceptual sustainable development, defined as a process of transformation in which the exploitation of resources, direction of investments, the orientation techniques and changes, Institutional desfatoara harmoniously "is the selection criterion of economic policies and structural adjustment in general and environmental policy in particular .
Conceptual sustainable development performance involves three levels:
Ø economic - increasing the exploitation and utilization of resources
Ø environmental concerns - recycling, avoiding environmental degradation, reduce theft aside;
Ø social - increasing the number of jobs, tourism practice, as measures of physical and mental regeneration. The difficulty accepting the concept of sustainable development in the Romanian tourism is not in substantive matters but inprecizarea operational elements adapted to the current transition period necessity of implementing sustainable development requires the present emphasis on increasing knowledge across the concept of clean production and spreading all around the world .
In order to achieve sustainable development it is necessary to achieve the following objectives:
An increase in the intensity of goods and services:
Ø reduce material consumption and energy per unit of product:
Elimination of toxic pollutants;
Ø increase reciclbilitatii;
Maximize use resources sustainably renewed.
Strategy of sustainable tourism requires:
I respect and care for the lifestyle of human habitats;
Ø increase in living human habitats, conservation of ecosystem bio-Earth of their biodiversity;
Ø reduce the exploitation of exhaustible resources and the preservation of Earth's carrying capacity;
A change individual attitudes in favor of sustainable development;
An ability to keep communities propyl Ambient pararlel to achieving national framework for integrating development and conservation.
"Fitting and recovery through nature tourism and cultural values, indiscriminate and randomly in time and space can produce defavorabie effects on all components of the environment." [2]
Tourism generated negative effects:
Loss or damage of cultural identity
Tourism contributes to loss or damage due to local cultural identity and values, devaluation, standardization, loss of authenticity, customs and cultural traditions adapting to the demands of tourists.
Tourism demand for souvenirs, artifacts and other goods, as well as festivals, customs, habits strongly influence the local population, there have been changes of mentality and moral values under the influence of tourists, they are keeping the taste for tourists
Objects and sacred sites perceived as goods for sale are no longer met Conformity value it represents.
To satisfy the desire of tourists to meet facility familiar tourist destinations likely to be standardized.
"Sustainable development is a concept which is expected to solve all the problems of contemporary society, namely: poverty, degrdarea environment, loss of confidence in institutions, expanding uncontrolled urbanization, insecurity on a job, the alienation of youth, removing traditional values, inflation unemployment and other economic and financial crisis or geopolitical. "[3] Sustainability in tourism is the greater importance, since this sector depends largely on tourist attractions and activities that are related to the natural and historical and cultural heritage of a tourist destination.
Most tourists want to visit areas attractive, functional, clean and unpolluted environment quality is therefore an essential condition to be maintained and improved.
Is based on the principle of sustainable development [4]
Ø establish environmental limits, standards and norms of consumption, reducing consumption unjustified;
Ø redistribution of economic activity and the reallocation of resources, essential needs of life, and at the same time economic growth;
Ø maintaining an optimum population, population growth is consistent with potentialulu exploitable ecosystems;
Basic resource conservation and natural values that support keeping the gene pool of flora and fauna;
Ø legal access to resources, increasing technological effort and rational use of them;
Ø setting a minimum rate of resource exploitation and consumption of so-called "inexhaustible"
Ø Community supervision, the role of local community decision-making on local development;
Ø Ensure all management resources to focus on quality
From the perspectives of sustainable development, land can be defined as an intervention that aims to put in user human needs, both individual and social resources and potential of the natural environment built on the one hand, and the technological and financial resources on a part, in terms of protecting and conserving the existing heritage. Tourism development should be planned so that the local population of tourist destinations to benefit from any socio-economic benefits created by tourism.
Sustainable tourism should be based on the principles of tourist activity should start means propyl local community and it must maintain control over tourism development [5]
Ø tourism must offer jobs to residents that will improve the quality of life of local cornunitatilor and must strike a balance between existing economic activities in the tourism and business;
Ø have established a code of practice for tourism at all levels: nnational, regional and local levels based on international standards already accepted: can be set guidelines for tour operators, monitor the impact of various tourism activities as chassis acceptability limits for different areas;
Ø Education and training programs must be made to improve management in the field of protection of cultural and natural resources practice requires a modernization of tourism infrastructure, rural sustainable urban development, the use of non-conventional forms of energy, less polluting techniques.
Spa tourism covers the following concepts: [6]
· Termalism, these hot mineral waters therapeutic use, for tourists who intr0 a spa resort;
· Balneotherapy, therapeutic baths for making use of these treatments;
· Balneoclimaterapie that combines the use factotilor balneary declimat different types of action, prophylactic and curative
· Thalassotherapy, which involves using elements of Marine 9apa sea mud, algae, marine climate)
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